Shamsi Hamid; Minoo Shaddel; Yakhchali Mohammad; Akbarzadeh Mahdi; Raoufi Nasrin; Tavakoli Payman; Dastgheib Mona; Dastgheib Mani
Abstract
Background: According to the drug resistance and side effects of the standard treatments for leishmaniasis, achieving effective treatment with less side effects and more benefits is of paramount importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera leaf exudate on Leishmania major under ...
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Background: According to the drug resistance and side effects of the standard treatments for leishmaniasis, achieving effective treatment with less side effects and more benefits is of paramount importance. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera leaf exudate on Leishmania major under in vitro and in vivo models, in inbred BALB/c mice. Methods: Different concentrations of both Aloe vera leaf exudates (AVL) and the standard drug meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®;Sanofi-Aventis, France) were prepared (9.375l, 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 ?g/ml) for in vitro model and then were applied to the fixed number of promastigotes. The promastigotes were counted after 24, 48, and 72 h. The viability of promastigotes was tested by MTT. A total of 20 mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis were divided into four groups for in vivo model, 1: positive group (treatment with Glucantime®), 2: negative group (without treatment), and 3 and 4: experimental groups (treatment with AVL1% and AVL4%, respectively). The size of the ulcers were recorded at the beginning of the experiment on a weekly basis for four weeks. Results: The results of in vitro model indicated that both AVL and Glucantime® reduced the number of promastigotes such that there was the lowest number of parasites in the concentration 300 ?g/ml of AVL and Glucantime®; however, the difference between them was not statistically significant. In vivo model demonstrated that AVL4% and Glucantime® decreased significantly the size of ulcers more than negative (P=0.000) and AVL1% groups (P=0.000 and P=0.004, respectively). Conclusions: There was no significant difference between AVL4% and Glucantime® (P=0.634). Therefore, AVL could control the Leishmania major.
Hejazi Seyed Hossein; Makvandi Sanaz; Abedi Said; Soleimanifard Simindokht
Abstract
Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease originated from species of the genus Leishmania from the Trypanosomatidae family, with three main clinical forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Every year, many new cases of the disease are reported in endemic areas. Nowadays, in non-endemic ...
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Background: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease originated from species of the genus Leishmania from the Trypanosomatidae family, with three main clinical forms of cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral. Every year, many new cases of the disease are reported in endemic areas. Nowadays, in non-endemic regions, the incidence of the disease has also created tension. Medicine side effects, reports of resistance against currently used drugs, and the absence of a putative vaccine have made researchers look for new effective drugs. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of the ethanolic and aquatic extracts of the Ziziphora tenuior L. on the prolifration of Leishmania major amastigotes.
Methods: The J774 cell lines were infected by promastigotes, at stationary phase, and treated with different concentrations of both extracts. After 12, 24 and 48 hours (h) at 37°C, the macrophages were stained with Giemsa, and the mean number of amastigotes in the macrophages was determined and compared with the control group. Finally, the ED50 of the extracts was calculated through statistical analysis.
Results: Aquatic and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphora tenuior L. reduced the number of amastigotes within the macrophages. Following 48h of treatment, the ED50 of the aquatic and ethanolic extracts of the plant were 15.75 mg/ml and 15 mg/ml, respectively. Hence, there was no significant difference between the ED50 of the aquatic and ethanolic extracts of the plant P<0.05).
Conclusion: Aquatic and ethanolic extracts of Ziziphora tenuior L. have a considerable anti Leishmania effect, hence the significance of further studies using the animal model of CL.
Yahya Sohrabi; Mahmoud Reza Jaafari; Ali Badee; Seyed Hossein Hejazi; Seyed Ebrahim Eskandari; Akram Miramin Mohammadi; Ali Khamesipour
Volume 10, Issue 1 , 2007, , Pages 37-53
Abstract
Background and aim: Efficacy of vaccines is mainly depending on the type of adjuvant used. Efficacy trials of first generation vaccine against leishmaniasis showed a limited efficacy due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant. The objective of this study was to investigate whether positively charged liposomes ...
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Background and aim: Efficacy of vaccines is mainly depending on the type of adjuvant used. Efficacy trials of first generation vaccine against leishmaniasis showed a limited efficacy due to lack of an appropriate adjuvant. The objective of this study was to investigate whether positively charged liposomes containing ALM could induce Th1 type immune response in susceptible Balb/c mice.Materials and methods: Liposomes containing ALM were prepared by dehydration-rehydration method. Female mice, 6-8 weeks old were immunized subcutaneously with prepared liposomes or as control with empty liposomes, ALM alone or PBS, 3 times, 3 weeks apart. Different groups of mice were challenged with virulent L. major. Immune responses of animals were evaluated in vivo by delayed type hypersensivity (DTH) and in vitro by titration of anti-Leishmania antibody isotypes using ELISA technique.Results: The results showed that footpad swelling in the group of mice immunized with DRV-PC/CHOL-ALM-DDAB was significantly smaller than the control groups (p<0.05). IgG2a titer was significantly higher in immunized mice with DRV-PC/CHOL-ALM-DDAB compared the control groups (p<0.001) and DRV-PC/CHOL-ALM (p<0.05). DTH response of groups received ALM incorporated into liposomes were significantly stronger than the control groups (p<0.001).Conclusion: Smaller lesion size, stronger DTH response and a high IgG2a titer are indicative of a Th1 response. It seems that positively charged liposomes might be used as an immunoadjuvant to induce a Th1 type of response.
AR Firooz; AR Khatami; A Khamesipour; M Nassiri Kashani; MA Nilforoushzadeh; F Behnia; HR Pazoki Toroudi; Y Dowlati
Volume 7, Issue 4 , 2004, , Pages 209-218
Abstract
Background: Several treatment modalities have been used for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with various results. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown inhibitory effects of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on Leishmania parasites. Objective: To compare the efficacy of intralesional injections of 2% ZnSO4 solution ...
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Background: Several treatment modalities have been used for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with various results. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown inhibitory effects of zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) on Leishmania parasites. Objective: To compare the efficacy of intralesional injections of 2% ZnSO4 solution with meglumine antimonate (Glucantime) in the treatment of acute Old World CL. Patients and Methods: Seventy-two patients with CL with a duration of less than 8 weeks were recruited in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial in Isfahan province – an area endemic for Leishmania major – after giving written informed consent. They were treated with 6 weekly intralesional injections of either 2% sterile ZnSO4 solution or Glucantime prepared in identical vials. The primary outcome measure was complete re-epithelialization of CL lesions. Results: Among 36 patients with 53 lesions treated with ZnSO4 and 36 patients with 53 lesions treated with Glucantime, 13 patients with 19 lesions and 22 patients with 31 lesions completed the trial, respectively. Inadequacy of treatment was the main reason for drop-out in 12 (33.3%) and 2 (5.5%) patients in ZnSO4 and Glucantime groups, respectively (P<0.05). Complete re-epithelialization was observed in 2 (10.5%) and 19 (61.3%) lesions 1 week after the end of treatment in the ZnSO4 and Glucantime groups, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion: A six-week course of weekly intralesional injections of 2% ZnSO4 solution was less effective than Glucantime in the treatment of acute Old World CL.
M Mohebali; P Yaghoobi; B Hooshmand; A Khamesipour
Volume 7, Issue 2 , 2004, , Pages 88-94
Abstract
Background: Considering the difficulties, adverse effects and unsuitable response to commonly used drugs; it is essential to find an alternative, particularly local treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Objective: Determination of efficacy of topical paromomycin (Paromo-U ointment) against CL caused ...
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Background: Considering the difficulties, adverse effects and unsuitable response to commonly used drugs; it is essential to find an alternative, particularly local treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Objective: Determination of efficacy of topical paromomycin (Paromo-U ointment) against CL caused by L.major in mouse model. Materials and Methods: Skin lesions were created 1 to 3 months after inoculation of L.major promastigotes to the base of tail of small, white mice (Outbreed). Then the mice were randomly divided to three groups including interventional (Treatment by Paromo-U), control 1 (Treatment by urea) and control 2 (Treatment by distilled water) groups. The mice were treated topically twice a day for 8 weeks. Results: The mean lesion diameter of the lesions prior to treatment in interventional and control groups (Urea and distilled water) were measured 10.9, 5.9 and 6.0 mm respectively and changed to 4.0, 12.7 and 14.3 mm 8 weeks after treatment. No Leishman bodies were observed within the lesions of interventional group, whereas they were seen in all control groups. Conclusion: Paromo-U ointment was effective in the treatment CL caused by L.major in mouse model.
