Shaghayegh Shahrigharahkoshan; Fariba Ghalamkarpour; Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi; Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scale of its damage to all sectors, and its high rate of mortality urgently called all scientists and researchers into action to find solutions that can mitigate its multi-dimensional burden. As of October 1st, 2021, COVID-19 has claimed more than ...
Read More
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scale of its damage to all sectors, and its high rate of mortality urgently called all scientists and researchers into action to find solutions that can mitigate its multi-dimensional burden. As of October 1st, 2021, COVID-19 has claimed more than 4.5 million lives and infected more than 200 million individuals. Therefore, every small effort that can positively contribute to the alleviation of the disease and its spread can tremendously help minimize the damage. The application of light as a therapeutic agent has been effective since the beginning of civilization. During the last century, artificial light and its combination with other chemical substances to fight microorganisms have been applied substantially in many domains, such as therapeutics and immunomodulation. In this review, we present the scalable application of light as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent and its potential in fighting COVID-19 and in mitigating its damages by representing the recent developments in this area.
Fariba Ghalamkarpour; Mahsa Jalalinejad; Sahar Dadkhahfar
Abstract
Background: Antropometheric measures can widely vary among different populations. Given the rising popularity of nonsurgical and surgical aesthetic procedures, standard facial anthropometric measurements are necessary for evaluating the outcomes of cosmetic and rejuvenating procedures. This study aimed ...
Read More
Background: Antropometheric measures can widely vary among different populations. Given the rising popularity of nonsurgical and surgical aesthetic procedures, standard facial anthropometric measurements are necessary for evaluating the outcomes of cosmetic and rejuvenating procedures. This study aimed to determine the anthropometry profile of Persian women, focusing on key facial parameters. Our secondary goal was to explore any change in these dimensions secondary to rhinoplasty.Methods: Facial anthropometric measurements were successfully evaluated in 207 healthy Iranian adult women. Using nine landmarks (trichion, glabella, nasion, subnasale, labiale superius, labiale inferius, gnathion, endocanthion, and exocanthion), ten standard anthropometric measurements and two angles were obtained. The measurements were analyzed separately for those with a history of rhinoplasty and those with a natural nose.Results: The height of the upper third, middle third, and lower third of the face was 7.04 (36.43%), 5.61 (29.04%), 6.67 (34.53%) cm, respectively. Other key measurements included: total face height 19.33 cm, nasal height 5.62 cm, philtrum length 1.61 cm, lower lip to gnathion 3.50 cm, right palpebral fissure length 3.79 cm, left palpebral fissure length: 3.82 cm, interocular diameter 3.71 cm, nasolabial angle 80.06°, and frontonasal angle 135.47°. There was no significant difference between the measurements for those with or without rhinoplasty. Also, the different age groups (18-25, 25-40, and 40-65 years) were statistically similar in these measurements.Conclusion: The difference in anthropometric measurements of this study with previous reports reveals the necessity of using specific anthropometric standards for Persian/Iranian women.