Akram Momenzadeh; Mahboubeh Khajavi; Mohammad Reza Kazemi; Mehrdad Teimoorian; Fatemeh Livani; Masoud Saleh Moghadam; Pouran Layegh
Abstract
Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with worldwide distribution. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is postulated to be associated with this inflammatory and autoimmune condition. However, its role has not been well established in the literature. The study aimed to evaluate the ...
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Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease with worldwide distribution. Human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is postulated to be associated with this inflammatory and autoimmune condition. However, its role has not been well established in the literature. The study aimed to evaluate the plasma level of HLA-G in PV patients and assess its correlation with disease severity and compare it with normal subjects.Methods: Thirty PV patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A blood sample was taken from each participant; samples were analyzed for the soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) plasma level by applying an ELISA kit (sHLA-G ELISA kit; Exbio, Czech Republic). Patients’ clinical and demographic data were recorded and analyzed.Results: Higher levels of sHLA-G were seen in PV patients compared to the control group (P < 0.05). There was a negative linear relationship between plasma HLA-G level and PV based on all ABSIS indices except for oral involvement (-1 < R < 0); however, these correlations were not statistically significant (P≥0.05).Conclusion: Our data showed higher plasma sHLA-G levels in PV patients, which did not correlate with disease severity.
Azadeh Goodarzi; Masoumeh Roohaninasab; Elham Behrangi; Mohammadreza Ghassemi; Amir Pouyan Ghahremani; Niloofar Teymoori
Abstract
Skin as an outer layer of body and a main connection between the body and the environment is a way that pathogens can access the body; Therefore, it has a crucial protecting role for the body because of obstacle functioning and micobiota. Factors that seem to commonly contribute to ...
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Skin as an outer layer of body and a main connection between the body and the environment is a way that pathogens can access the body; Therefore, it has a crucial protecting role for the body because of obstacle functioning and micobiota. Factors that seem to commonly contribute to the disease are follicular hyperkeratinization, propionibacterium acnes, sebum production, and inflammation; however, pathogenesis of acne vulgaris as an inflammatory skin disorder is still poorly understood. Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched for all related articles, using the key words of zinc, diet, vitamin D, BMI, and acne vulgaris.
Sathya Anandam; Anuradha K
Abstract
Background: Onychomycosis is a widespread problem in the clinical practice of dermatology, caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds. In India, relatively little work has been done on this problem. It is a known fact that the geographical distribution of the fungi may change from time ...
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Background: Onychomycosis is a widespread problem in the clinical practice of dermatology, caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte molds. In India, relatively little work has been done on this problem. It is a known fact that the geographical distribution of the fungi may change from time to time. Hence, through this study, an attempt was made to identify the clinical patterns and causative agents of onychomycosis. Methods: This study was conducted on 100 clinically suspected onychomycosis patients. The necessary clinical details were noted with their consent. Nail clippings were collected from the most severely affected parts and were subjected to direct microscopy in 40% potassium hydroxide before being inoculated into Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with and without cycloheximide at 25 °C and 37 °C for up to four weeks. Growth was identified following the standard protocols by assessing the rate of growth, colony character, lactophenol cotton blue mount, slide culture, urease test, germ tube test, etc. Results: Among the 100 patients, the mean age was 40.8 years. The male/female ratio was 1.28:1. Fingernail (49%) involvement was more common than toenail involvement (32%). Distal lateral subungual onychomycosis (52%) comprised the predominant clinical pattern. KOH mount was positive in 46%, while the culture was positive in 44% of patients. The causative agents isolated were non-dermatophyte molds (63.6%), dermatophytes (18.2%), and yeasts (18.2%). Conclusion: This work shows the broad spectrum of causative agents of onychomycosis with non-dermatophyte molds as the predominant isolates.
Dyah Ayu Mira Oktarina; Roihan Mohamad Iqbal
Abstract
Background: Simvastatin is a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl- CoA (HMG-CoA) inhibitor molecule with several pleiotropic (immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant) activities. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of simvastatin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging of normal ...
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Background: Simvastatin is a beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl- CoA (HMG-CoA) inhibitor molecule with several pleiotropic (immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant) activities. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of simvastatin on ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced photoaging of normal human dermal fibroblast cultures by assessing fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and fibroblast morphology.Methods: This study was an in vitro experiment using normal human skin fibroblast cell cultures. Fibroblasts were then cultured and observations were made of fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and cell morphology using various concentrations of simvastatin (0 nM, 0.01 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.5 nM, 1 nM, and 5 nM) and UVB exposure (100 mJ/cm2).Results: After UVB exposure, a significant decrease in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition was observed. Cells appeared thinner, and fibroblasts were less organized and more pointed. Simvastatin with 0.01 nM, 0.1 nM, 0.5 nM, 1 nM, and 5 nM levels could significantly maintain cell proliferation and collagen deposition compared to UVB-irradiated cell groups without simvastatin. Interestingly, fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition in the simvastatin group above 0.5 nM were not significantly different from the normal human dermal fibroblast group. An increased level of collagen deposition was also confirmed by observing the fibroblast morphology, which had more red-smeared cells on Sirius red staining. The antioxidant activity of simvastatin might play a role in fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition, protecting against UVB by inhibiting reactive oxygen species. Simvastatinmaintained fibroblast morphology, possibly by preventing DNA damage and maintaining membrane-bound collagen fiber deposition.Conclusions: Our findings revealed that simvastatin pretreatment mitigated UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblast cells by maintaining fibroblast proliferation, collagen deposition, and fibroblast morphology.
Armaghan Kazeminejad; Lotfollah Davoodi; Zohreh Hajheydari; Erfan Ghadirzadeh; Amirmasoud Taheri; Mohammad Ahmadi; Alireza Mozdastan
Abstract
Background and Method: Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases. For the first time in Iran, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate bone mineral density in patients with psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with a healthy control group (20 individuals in each group). Our study sample included ...
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Background and Method: Psoriasis is one of the most common skin diseases. For the first time in Iran, we conducted a case-control study to evaluate bone mineral density in patients with psoriasis vulgaris in comparison with a healthy control group (20 individuals in each group). Our study sample included patients referred to the dermatology clinic of Razi Hospital in Ghaemshahr, Iran, between May and October 2019. Densitometry was performed by the DEXA method on the 2nd to 4th lumbar vertebrae and hip bone. Patients’ demographic information and Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22.Results: The mean T-score in the case and control groups were -0.47 ± 1.04 and -0.19 ± 0.45, respectively (P = 0.274). The mean T-score had a significant inverse correlation with an age of 40 years or above (r = -0.873 and P < 0.001), disease duration of more than five years (r = -0.599, P = 0.05), and PASI score (r = -0.523, P = 0.001), but had a positive correlation with sunlight exposure (r = 0.581, P < 0.001).Conclusion: Considering the decrease in bone density in patients with psoriasis and its relationship with the disease severity and duration and the effectiveness of sunlight in increasing bone density, preventive treatment should be provided for all patients to increase bone density and prevent osteoporosis.
Armaghan Gharehaghaji Zare; Afsaneh Radmehr; Faranak Ghasemi
Abstract
H syndrome is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis with reports dating back to the last decade. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the SCL29A3 gene. The clinical characteristics of this syndrome consist of dermatological manifestations, including hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic, ...
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H syndrome is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis with reports dating back to the last decade. This syndrome is caused by mutations in the SCL29A3 gene. The clinical characteristics of this syndrome consist of dermatological manifestations, including hyperpigmented, hypertrichotic, and indurated patches and plaques. It affects various systems by causing heart anomalies, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, and low height. This is the case of a 19-year-old girl from the northwest of Iran who was born of a cousin marriage. The primary manifestations included low height, underdeveloped secondary sex characteristics, and typical dermatological manifestations. This patient was examined mostly because of digestive and endocrine problems and thus had not been subject to extensive dermatological examinations until the skin biopsies mirrored manifestations similar to histiocytoses (e.g., Rosai-Dorfman disease and granuloma annulare). The patient was eventually diagnosed with H syndrome by a dermatologist from the clinical symptoms. H syndrome is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis that affects different organs and is diagnosed by a set of typical and systemic cutaneous symptoms and biopsies. In this patient, an endoscopic examination of the upper gastrointestinal tract was carried out due to reports of anemia. A biopsy of the atrophic duodenum region revealed the existence of coeliac disease. However, the comorbidity of coeliac disease and H syndrome has not been previously reported.
Warood Albadri; Shiva Shankar Marri; M Kavya; Bhargavi M Uttmani; Arun Inamadar
Abstract
Diet plays a critical role in the maintenance of various physiological functions in cutaneous structures. Inadequacy of a well-balanced diet gives rise to a constellation of skin manifestations, which are frequently mild and non-specific; hence, overlooked or misdiagnosed. However, it can lead to serious ...
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Diet plays a critical role in the maintenance of various physiological functions in cutaneous structures. Inadequacy of a well-balanced diet gives rise to a constellation of skin manifestations, which are frequently mild and non-specific; hence, overlooked or misdiagnosed. However, it can lead to serious complications. This group of dermatoses affects both developing and developed countries. Children, in particular, are more prone due to increased demand for nutrients for growth and development, as well as negligence or inability to provide by the caretaker. The dermatologist might be the first physician to come across such patients since cutaneous features are more apparent. Hence, a strong clinical suspicion for multiple micro- or macronutrient deficiencies should be maintained since many conditions may have overlapping presentations such as xerosis, periorificial and intertriginous dermatitis, photo-distributed dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis-like lesions, follicular hyperkeratosis, intracutaneous hemorrhages, impaired wound healing, pigmentary changes, and others including mucosal manifestations and hair and nail changes. This review article discussed an approach to nutritional dermatoses in the pediatric age group to aid in accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.
Sunil Narayan Tolat; Anil Gosavi; Vasudha Belgaumkar; Ravindranath Chavan; Nitika Deshmukh; Sweta Tharewal; Nupur Warke
Abstract
Schnitzler’s syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder presenting with wheals, monoclonal gammopathy, and signs of inflammation. A 55-year-old woman presented with reddish, moderately itchy wheals with intermittent fever and arthralgia for two years. Multiple erythematous, edematous plaques were ...
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Schnitzler’s syndrome is an autoinflammatory disorder presenting with wheals, monoclonal gammopathy, and signs of inflammation. A 55-year-old woman presented with reddish, moderately itchy wheals with intermittent fever and arthralgia for two years. Multiple erythematous, edematous plaques were noted all over the body. Dermographism was present. A diagnosis of chronic urticaria was considered and treated with antihistamines. The patient returned six weeks later with partial symptomatic relief. She was then investigated for the cause of chronic urticaria, and the following differentials were considered: systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, urticarial vasculitis, and auto-inflammatory diseases. The patient was febrile, and her blood investigations revealed leukocytosis and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate along with IgM gammaglobulinemia and an M band on serum electrophoresis. Skin biopsy revealed a neutrophilic infiltrate in the dermis. Thus, based on the Strasbourg diagnostic criteria, a final diagnosis of Schnitzler syndrome was made. Urticarial rash is one of the most common complaints encountered by dermatologists. Other extremely uncommon diseases like autoinflammatory disorders (for example, Schnitzler syndrome) can mimic chronic urticaria. The appearance of the rash and associated symptoms should be carefully considered to identify these missed cases. Auto-inflammatory syndromes are severely debilitating, with little awareness among healthcare professionals. Thus, they are often recognized with a diagnostic delay of many years. Early diagnosis of such rare diseases is imperative for effective treatment and to prevent devastating long-term complications.
Mozhgan Baniardalani; Abedin Saghafipour; Majid Kababian; Mohammad Reza Abai
Yalda Nahidi; Vahid Mashayekhi Goyonlo; Pouran Layegh; Hoda Marhamati; Mona Najaf Najafi
Abstract
Background: Zinc is an effective factor in the immune response against infectious agents; its effect on the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is unknown. This study aimed to compare the serum zinc level in patients with acute and chronic CL. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 120 CL cases ...
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Background: Zinc is an effective factor in the immune response against infectious agents; its effect on the course of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is unknown. This study aimed to compare the serum zinc level in patients with acute and chronic CL. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 120 CL cases and controls. This included 30 cases of acute CL (less than one year of lesion recovery), 30 cases of chronic CL (period of illness over one year), and 60 healthy subjects with age and gender proportional to the patients. Volunteers entered the study with knowledge and consent. The serum zinc level was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results: The percentages of people with reduced serum zinc levels in the healthy, acute, and chronic groups were 13.3, 50, and 43.3%, respectively, whereby there was a significant difference between the leishmaniasis groups (acute and chronic) and the control group (p <0.001). However, the mean serum zinc level did not differ significantly between the acute (75.36 ± 15.72 µg/dl) and chronic (73.96 ± 17.98 µg/dl) leishmaniasis groups (P=0.94). Conclusions: A reduced serum zinc level is associated with symptomatic CL, but does not affect the clinical outcome and recovery.
Behzad Khodaei; Simin Seyedpour; Bahareh Gholami; Kambiz Kamyab Hesari; Seyed Ahmad Seyed Alinaghi; Maryam Nasimi
Abstract
Background: Nail disorders present with a wide range of manifestations. The problems associated with nail biopsiesmake the diagnosis even more challenging. Identifying the most common features of each nail disorder can prevent unnecessary biopsies and facilitate early diagnosis.Methods: We conducted ...
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Background: Nail disorders present with a wide range of manifestations. The problems associated with nail biopsiesmake the diagnosis even more challenging. Identifying the most common features of each nail disorder can prevent unnecessary biopsies and facilitate early diagnosis.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study on 528 pathology reports, documented from March 2018 to March 2019 in the Razi Dermatopathology Hospital, Tehran, Iran. We extracted the demographic data and the nails’ clinical and pathologic presentations. We used Fisher’s exact test to determine the nail features’ clinicopathological correlations.Results: The mean age of the 359 included patients was 38.81 ± 18.11 years, and 50.81% were male. Benign melanonychia (12.82%), traumatic nail (11.96%), and junctional nevus (11.11%) were the most prevalent disorders. Onycholysis (P < 0.001), longitudinal ridges (P < 0.001), subungual hyperkeratosis (P = 0.003), dystrophy (P = 0.017), discoloration (P = 0.052), and pitting (P < 0.001) correlated significantly with nail psoriasis. The presence of subungual hyperkeratosis, onycholysis, and longitudinal ridges significantly increased the odds of nail lichen planus. Only 6.79% of patients with longitudinal melanonychia had malignant melanoma, while most (26.54%) correlated with benign melanonychia.Conclusions: A detailed examination can narrow the differential diagnosis and avert unnecessary biopsies. However, in high-risk cases, physicians should regularly monitor the nails’ changes and response to treatment.
M Radmanesh; M Karayi; A Ebrahimi
Volume 3, Issue 4 , 2000, , Pages 43-45
Abstract
Apocrine nevus is a rare benign tumor of which only 9 cases have been reported in the literature. The apocrine nevus is seen mostly in the areas where the apocrine glands are normally distributed such as axillae, head and neck. Our case was a 16-year old girl who referred with a verrucous erythematous ...
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Apocrine nevus is a rare benign tumor of which only 9 cases have been reported in the literature. The apocrine nevus is seen mostly in the areas where the apocrine glands are normally distributed such as axillae, head and neck. Our case was a 16-year old girl who referred with a verrucous erythematous plaque over right parietal side of the scalp. The patient had the plaque since birth with partial growth after puberty. Histopathologic study showed mature apocrine glands located in the reticular and papillary dermis with epidermal papillomatosis and acanthosis.
Bhagyashree B Supekar; Vrutika H Shah; Jayesh Mukhi; Rajesh P Singh
Abstract
Leprosy, just like syphilis, has become a great imitator with its various atypical and unusual presentations. It presents in many diverse ways and can be confused with many infectious and non-infectious forms.It is often misdiagnosed as common disorders like psoriasis, pyoderma, angioedema, pre-vitiligo, ...
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Leprosy, just like syphilis, has become a great imitator with its various atypical and unusual presentations. It presents in many diverse ways and can be confused with many infectious and non-infectious forms.It is often misdiagnosed as common disorders like psoriasis, pyoderma, angioedema, pre-vitiligo, sarcoidosis, and granuloma annulare. Appropriate history-taking with good clinical examination is required to diagnose atypical presentations of leprosy. Early diagnosis along with appropriate treatment is essential to prevent disability and other complications. We outline a case of lepromatous leprosy with an atypical psoriasiform presentation that mimicked psoriasis. Psoriasiform leprosy presents as erythematous plaques of varying sizes and shapes on the extensor regions of trauma-prone sites like the knees, elbows, and buttocks. This condition mimics psoriasis and is diagnosed as leprosy based on the slit skin smear and histopathology with a special Fite-Faraco stain.
Narges Alizadeh; Seyyede Zeinab Azimi; Somayeh Hoseinzadeh
Abstract
Background: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the severity of psoriasis is of debate. We investigated the relationship between BMI and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) in Northern Iran. Method: In this prospective, observational descriptive study, 190 patients with chronic plaque-type ...
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Background: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the severity of psoriasis is of debate. We investigated the relationship between BMI and psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) in Northern Iran. Method: In this prospective, observational descriptive study, 190 patients with chronic plaque-type psoriasis were included from January 2015 to 2017. None of the patients used systemic therapy for psoriasis during the last month. Results: There was a slight female predominance in our study (n=116; 61.1%). The mean age of our patients was 28.88 ± 18.17 (mean ± standard deviation) years. We found a positive correlation between BMI and PASI in the groups of psoriatic patients who had normal weight or were overweight (r = 0.369, P=0.006 and r=0.287, P=0.019, respectively). In the final logistic regression model, it was shown that in cases with BMI<18.5, the mean PASI score was lower in comparison with those with normal BMI (OR = 0.074, CI: 0.009, 0.636). Conclusion: A relationship between BMI and PASI was only seen in psoriatic patients who had normal weight or were overweight. To reduce the effect of factors such as systemic treatments, it is suggested to evaluate the relationship between BMI and PASI score as soon as the diagnosis of psoriasis is confirmed.
Nasrin Zand; Masoumeh Lotfi-Tokaldany; Parvin Mansouri
Abstract
Radiation therapy is frequently associated with a variety of adverse cutaneous effects. Some of these complications, such as radiodermatitis, are well known. However, some other skin reactions, such as radiation-induced lichen planus (LP) as a kind of isoradiotopic response, are rare, less known, and ...
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Radiation therapy is frequently associated with a variety of adverse cutaneous effects. Some of these complications, such as radiodermatitis, are well known. However, some other skin reactions, such as radiation-induced lichen planus (LP) as a kind of isoradiotopic response, are rare, less known, and often underrecognized. An isoradiotopic response refers to the appearance of a secondary dermatosis in previously irradiated areas. In an isoradiotopic response, the new skin lesion presents with all the hallmarks of the primary dermatosis; however, the eruption is restricted to the field of radiation therapy. Radiation-induced LP as a kind of isoradiotopic response refers to the appearance of LP lesions in previously irradiated areas. This article presents a narrative review of the current literature about radiation-induced LP cases. The search was conducted on electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar with the keywords, “isoradiotopic response,” “isotopic response,” “Koebner phenomenon,” “lichen planus,” “cancer treatment,” “radiotherapy,” and “radiation therapy.” According to the results of this search, there were only nine case reports of radiation-induced LP in the literature. Due to the limited number of articles published in this field, there are important questions, the answers of which are not known yet. By reporting more patients with post-radiation LP, investigators will be able to gather more information about the pathogenesis of the disease and evaluate the significance of different factors in the development of post-radiation LP.
Molood Safarirad; Ahmad Vosughi Motlagh; Navid Namazi; Sadegh Alavi; Reza Paya; Nastaran Namazi
Abstract
Neonatal lupus erythematosus is a disorder of the fetus or infant caused by certain maternal autoantibodies. Manifestations are usually cutaneous; systemic manifestations are rare. Here, we report a case of neonatal lupus erythematosus, which led to identifying maternal Sjögren’s syndrome.
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Neonatal lupus erythematosus is a disorder of the fetus or infant caused by certain maternal autoantibodies. Manifestations are usually cutaneous; systemic manifestations are rare. Here, we report a case of neonatal lupus erythematosus, which led to identifying maternal Sjögren’s syndrome.
Armaghan Gharehaghaji Zare; Saeedeh Rahimi; Shiva Mohajeri
Abstract
We report a 19-year-old woman, born of a consanguineous marriage but without a positive history in the family, diagnosed histologically and clinically with this disease. All the previous treatments were unsuccessful; we started acitretin, and she responded excellently to treatment. Although the improvement ...
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We report a 19-year-old woman, born of a consanguineous marriage but without a positive history in the family, diagnosed histologically and clinically with this disease. All the previous treatments were unsuccessful; we started acitretin, and she responded excellently to treatment. Although the improvement in thickness and hyperhidrosis was noteworthy, and the patient was satisfied with the treatment, as we expected, there was not an acceptable result with the erythema.
Azadeh Goodarzi; Mahsa Farshidzadeh; Elham Behrangi; Mohammadreza Ghassemi; Masoumeh Roohaninasab
Abstract
Viral skin diseases range from simple superficial exanthems to complex systemic diseases, affecting people of all ages. Careful assessment of infectious contacts and immunization status is of considerable importance along with a thorough physical examination. Recent research has linked a deficiency of ...
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Viral skin diseases range from simple superficial exanthems to complex systemic diseases, affecting people of all ages. Careful assessment of infectious contacts and immunization status is of considerable importance along with a thorough physical examination. Recent research has linked a deficiency of vitamin D to an increased risk of autoimmune, infectious, and atopic disorders. Intralesional vitamin D3 may be an effective treatment option for warts. Vitamin D3 derivatives are effective for various skin conditions, including psoriasis, transient acantholytic dermatosis, actinic porokeratosis, and keratosis palmaris et plantaris. Vitamin D3 treatment has been shown to decrease chemokine synthesis and monocyte trafficking, as well as to downregulate toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 of monocytes. This suggests an association between TLRs and vitamin-D-mediated innate immunity. The effect of vitamin D derivatives was speculated to be derived from its potential to regulate epidermal cell proliferation and differentiation and to modulate cytokine production. According to some studies gathered here, not only we can use different forms of vitamin D as therapy for viral skin disease, but also there is an important relationship between them. Therefore, we should consider the serum level of vitamin D for better management of these disorders. Also, keeping vitamin D levels within the normal range may be a preventative healthcare strategy.
Shaghayegh Shahrigharahkoshan; Fariba Ghalamkarpour; Mohammadhossein Ghasempourabadi; Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scale of its damage to all sectors, and its high rate of mortality urgently called all scientists and researchers into action to find solutions that can mitigate its multi-dimensional burden. As of October 1st, 2021, COVID-19 has claimed more than ...
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The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the scale of its damage to all sectors, and its high rate of mortality urgently called all scientists and researchers into action to find solutions that can mitigate its multi-dimensional burden. As of October 1st, 2021, COVID-19 has claimed more than 4.5 million lives and infected more than 200 million individuals. Therefore, every small effort that can positively contribute to the alleviation of the disease and its spread can tremendously help minimize the damage. The application of light as a therapeutic agent has been effective since the beginning of civilization. During the last century, artificial light and its combination with other chemical substances to fight microorganisms have been applied substantially in many domains, such as therapeutics and immunomodulation. In this review, we present the scalable application of light as an antimicrobial and immunomodulatory agent and its potential in fighting COVID-19 and in mitigating its damages by representing the recent developments in this area.
Maryam Okhovati; Manzumeh Shamsi Meymandi; Simin Shamsi Meymandi; Sajad Saljoghian
Reem Diab; Mohammad Shahidi Dadras; Azadeh Rakhshan; Ali Kaddah; Parsa Heydarifakher; Fahimeh Abdollahimajd
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a fatal disease that is continuously increasing. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with a seven-month history of colon adenocarcinoma, who presented with a painless, exophytic, bilateral scrotal mass that resembled lymphangioma in shape. The histopathological examination revealed ...
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Colorectal cancer is a fatal disease that is continuously increasing. Herein, we report a 36-year-old man with a seven-month history of colon adenocarcinoma, who presented with a painless, exophytic, bilateral scrotal mass that resembled lymphangioma in shape. The histopathological examination revealed metastatic adenocarcinoma, which was morphologically compatible with large bowel origin. To the best of our knowledge, cutaneous metastasis mimicking lymphangioma has rarely been described in the literature. Early diagnosis of cutaneous metastasis is very important and can improve the disease prognosis. A cutaneous metastasis should be considered when encountering any new painless exophytic lesions mimicking lymphangioma.
Mohammadreza Ghassemi; Abbas Zamanian; Gholamhossein Ghaffarpour; Nasrin Shayanfar; Shiva Ghods; Azadeh Goodarzi
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification is the formation of bone tissue at an abnormal site. The ossification of soft tissue outside the skeletal system can occur anywhere and can be found in mucosal tissues. This is the first case report of an osteoma mucosalis affecting the nail bed. We also reviewed the heterotopic ...
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Heterotopic ossification is the formation of bone tissue at an abnormal site. The ossification of soft tissue outside the skeletal system can occur anywhere and can be found in mucosal tissues. This is the first case report of an osteoma mucosalis affecting the nail bed. We also reviewed the heterotopic ossification and calcification of cutaneous and mucosal sites in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases.
Saeedeh Farajzadeh; Mahin Aflatoonian; Morvarid Amirmijani; Zahra Farahmandinia; Rezvan Amiri; Maryam Khalili
Abstract
Background: Complications of chemotherapy most commonly involve highly proliferative cells, including the skin and its appendages and mucosa. This study evaluated mucocutaneous complications of chemotherapy in children with cancer.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 92 children who ...
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Background: Complications of chemotherapy most commonly involve highly proliferative cells, including the skin and its appendages and mucosa. This study evaluated mucocutaneous complications of chemotherapy in children with cancer.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 92 children who received chemotherapy at the Pediatric Oncology Ward of Afzalipour Hospital, Kerman, Iran, between September 2018 and March 2019. Demographic and clinical features of the patients were collected by history, physical examination, and laboratory tests (biopsy, fungal and bacterial smears if necessary). Frequency and percentage were used for qualitative analysis. Mean ± standard deviation was used for quantitative analysis.Results: The mean age of patients was 6.60 ± 3.70 years (range 1 to 16 years). More than half of the patients (55.4%) were males. The most common malignancy was acute lymphocytic lymphoma (ALL). More than half of the children (60%) had mucocutaneous complications due to chemotherapy; these were significantly more common in boys than girls (70.6% vs. 48.8%). The mean age of children with mucocutaneous complications (7.41 ± 3.98) was significantly higher than those without complications (5.33 ± 2.84). The most common mucocutaneous side effects were, in order, alopecia, mucositis, and skin infections.Conclusion: We found that side effects of chemotherapy weresignificantly more common in older children, boys, and childrenwith leukemia. Vincristine was the most common culprit.
Ananya B Reddy; Malcolm Pinto; Santhosh Pai; Spandana P Hegde; Manjunath M Shenoy
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, which affects the skin, nails, and joints. Psoriasis can be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, renal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.Renal involvement among patients with psoriasis has been increasingly ...
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Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder, which affects the skin, nails, and joints. Psoriasis can be associated with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, renal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.Renal involvement among patients with psoriasis has been increasingly reported. These disorders include conditions such as IgA nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, secondary renal amyloidosis, and C3 glomerulonephritis. The various clinical and laboratory features that need consideration to rule out underlying renal disease in such patients include hypertension, edema of bilateral lower limbs, microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria.Herein, we present a case of a 49-year-old patient with chronic plaque psoriasis, who was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome 8 years after the onset of psoriasis. Immunohistochemical analysis of the renal biopsy samples revealed membrane nephropathy with M-type phospholipase PLA 2R positivity.Due to the concurrent presence of severe psoriasis lesions, oral corticosteroid was deferred, and the patient was treated with oral Tacrolimus 4 mg per day for membranous nephropathy, which resulted in significant improvement of cutaneous lesions.
Behnam Avandi; Mehdi Ghahartars; Navid Moradi Kashkooli; Najmeh Ahramiyanpour; Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi
Abstract
Erythroderma or generalized scaling dermatitis is a condition marked by redness and scaling of more than 90% of the body surface. This study aimed to review the epidemiological and clinical features of erythroderma patients hospitalized in the Dermatology Ward of Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. ...
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Erythroderma or generalized scaling dermatitis is a condition marked by redness and scaling of more than 90% of the body surface. This study aimed to review the epidemiological and clinical features of erythroderma patients hospitalized in the Dermatology Ward of Shahid Faghihi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran. This retrospective cross-sectional was conducted from 2001 to 2017 using patient records. All patients with a diagnosis of erythroderma on record were included in the survey, and those whose data were missing or were not compatible with the clinical diagnosis were excluded. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 22 and Stata version 14.2. Overall, 217 erythroderma patients were admitted to this ward, including 119 (54.8%) men and 98 (45.2%) women. The mean age of the patients was 47.27 ± 19.68 years (range: 4-92 years). Moreover, the most frequent cause of erythroderma was drug reaction (67%); lamotrigine, with a frequency of 12 patients, was the most prevalent prescribed medication in patients with drug reaction-induced erythroderma. The mean duration of hospital stay was 6.64 ± 4.50 days; this parameter was directly associated with the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP) level. Pruritus (41.9%) and fever (15.2%) were the most frequent clinical manifestations among these patients. As erythroderma is a dermatologic condition that medications can induce, patients should be informed about the warning signals and course of the disease before certain medications are prescribed.
